Exploring Tirana, Albania’s Vibrant Capital

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Nestled between the picturesque hills and adorned with a unique blend of Ottoman, Italian, and Soviet influences, Tirana, the capital of Albania, is a city that captivates visitors with its vibrant energy and rich history. Once a drab communist city, Tirana has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years, emerging as a modern and dynamic metropolis. From its colorful buildings and bustling boulevards to its burgeoning art scene and warm hospitality, Tirana offers an enticing tapestry of experiences. I am sure that exploring Tirana will leave a lasting impression.

Tirana’s roots date back to the Ottoman Empire. It truly came into its own as the capital of Albania in 1920. The city’s history is evident in its architectural heritage, with a mix of Ottoman-era mosques, elegant Italian-style buildings, and imposing communist-era structures. The iconic Et’hem Bey Mosque, with its intricate frescoes and delicate minaret, stands as a testament to the city’s past. Skanderbeg Square, the heart of Tirana, pays homage to the national hero and showcases landmarks like the National History Museum and the Opera and Ballet Theatre.

Because we were flying to Tirana, we decided to spend an extra night there before heading to Shkodër and the Albanian Alps, so we could properly explore the capital of Albania.

In this Tirana travel guide I will give you my reasons why I think Tirana is worth a visit.

Discovering Tirana’s Historical Roots

Tirana’s history is like a tapestry woven with threads of various civilizations. Begin your day at the Skanderbeg Square, named after the national hero who defended Albania against the Ottoman Empire. The grand monument and historic buildings encircling the square pay homage to the nation’s struggle for independence.

One can’t help but be awestruck by the remnants of the Ottoman influence, represented by the striking Ethem Bey Mosque. Its intricate frescoes and architecture offer a glimpse into the city’s multifaceted heritage. Equally captivating is the Pyramid of Tirana, an architectural relic with a controversial past, now serving as a canvas for street artists, blending history with modern expression.

Skanderbeg Square: The Heart of the Nation

Skanderbeg Square (Sheshi Skënderbej) is the beating heart of Tirana and the perfect place to start exploring the city. Named after Albania’s national hero, Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, this vast open space is surrounded by some of the city’s most significant landmarks. The square underwent a massive renovation in recent years, transforming it into a pedestrian-friendly space with beautiful fountains, green patches, and a stunning mosaic of different stones sourced from all over Albania.

At the center stands the imposing equestrian statue of Skanderbeg, a symbol of Albania’s struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire. Around the square, you’ll find key landmarks such as the National History Museum, recognized by its striking socialist-era mosaic on the facade, and the Palace of Culture, home to the National Library and the Opera House.

Skanderbeg Square is not just a historical landmark but also a lively social space where locals gather for festivals, concerts, and cultural events. Whether you visit in the bustling daytime or enjoy the illuminated square at night, this place truly captures the essence of Tirana.

national history museum tirana
National History Museum of Tirana

Et’hem Bey Mosque: A Glimpse into Ottoman Heritage

One of Tirana’s most treasured landmarks, Et’hem Bey Mosque, is a rare surviving example of Ottoman-era architecture in Albania. Built in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, this mosque is not just a place of worship but also an artistic masterpiece. The mosque miraculously survived the Communist era when most religious buildings in Albania were destroyed, and today, it stands as a testament to the country’s rich cultural and religious history.

What makes Et’hem Bey Mosque truly special is its interior and exterior frescoes. These intricate details reflect the craftsmanship and artistry of the time.

A pivotal moment in Albania’s history occurred here in 1991, when thousands of people entered the mosque to pray, defying the Communist ban on religion. This peaceful protest was a significant step towards religious freedom in the country.

Although small compared to other mosques around the world, Et’hem Bey Mosque holds immense historical and cultural significance. Visitors are welcome to explore its interior (outside of prayer times), making it a must-see for anyone interested in Albania’s history and architecture.

The Pyramid of Tirana: From Controversy to Cultural Icon

The Pyramid of Tirana is one of the most intriguing and debated landmarks in Albania. Originally built in 1988 as a museum dedicated to the former Communist leader Enver Hoxha. It symbolized the authoritarian rule that shaped Albania for decades. Designed by Hoxha’s daughter and a team of architects, the structure featured a futuristic, pyramid-like shape—an ambitious architectural statement at the time. After the fall of communism, the Pyramid lost its original purpose and underwent various transformations. It served as a convention center, a NATO base during the Kosovo War, and even a television broadcasting station. However, in the 2000s, it was abandoned and fell into disrepair, becoming a canvas for street artists and a playground for adventurous climbers.

Today, the Pyramid is undergoing a major renovation. It’s turninginto a modern cultural and technology hub with exhibition spaces, cafés, and a rooftop viewpoint. Despite its turbulent past, the Pyramid remains a powerful symbol of Albania’s journey from dictatorship to democracy.

Whether you view it as an architectural oddity or a historical landmark, the Pyramid is an essential stop in Tirana. It’s offering a fascinating glimpse into the city’s evolving identity.

pyramid of tirana

Bunk’Art 1 & Bunk’Art 2

Talking about the past of Tirana, there is one more thing you need to put on your Tirana itinerary. I’m talking about BunkArt.

Bunk’Art is a fascinating historical and cultural site located in Tirana. It’s a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the country’s complex history, particularly its period of communist rule. Bunk’Art consists of two distinct locations – Bunk’Art 1 and Bunk’Art 2:

  • Bunk’Art 1: This underground bunker, originally designed as a nuclear fallout shelter for Albania’s political elite, has been transformed into a museum that offers a glimpse into the country’s communist past. As you descend into the depths of the bunker, you’ll explore a series of rooms that house exhibitions, photographs, documents, and multimedia displays. The exhibits provide insights into the harsh realities of life under Enver Hoxha’s dictatorship, showcasing the regime’s propaganda, surveillance tactics, and the experiences of ordinary Albanians during that time. The stark contrast between the bunker’s intended purpose and the historical context it now presents is both chilling and enlightening.
  • Bunk’Art 2: This second installment of Bunk’Art is located in a different bunker and focuses on the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which was responsible for the surveillance and repression of citizens during the communist era. Bunk’Art 2 explores the intelligence-gathering operations, methods of control, and the impact of the regime on individuals and families. The immersive exhibitions are thought-provoking and provide a window into the mechanisms that kept the population under strict control.

As you explore Bunk’Art, you’ll likely leave with a profound appreciation for the resilience of the Albanian people and the strides the country has made toward democracy and openness. It’s a testament to the importance of preserving history as a way to ensure that such events are never forgotten and are understood in the context of the broader human experience. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a curious traveler, or simply someone interested in learning more about Albania, Bunk’Art is an essential stop on your journey.

Embracing Modernity

As the sun sets, Tirana transforms into a lively hub of modern culture. Blloku (meaning “The Block”) is Tirana’s most vibrant and stylish district, known for its trendy cafés, boutique shops, and lively nightlife. But behind its modern, cosmopolitan atmosphere lies a fascinating and complex history.

During Albania’s communist era, Blloku was strictly off-limits to ordinary citizens. It was an exclusive residential area for the country’s political elite, including the infamous dictator Enver Hoxha, whose former residence still stands today. Guarded and secluded, this neighborhood symbolized the stark contrast between the ruling class and the everyday struggles of the Albanian people.

After the fall of communism in 1991, Blloku underwent a dramatic transformation. What was once a secretive and heavily restricted zone became the epicenter of Tirana’s social scene. Today, it is filled with trendy restaurants, stylish bars, and designer stores, making it the go-to place for both locals and visitors looking to experience Tirana’s contemporary culture.

Blloku is particularly famous for its café culture. Albanians love their coffee, and in this district, you’ll find some of the best specialty coffee spots, perfect for people-watching and soaking in the lively atmosphere. At night, Blloku turns into the city’s party hotspot, offering everything from chic rooftop bars to underground clubs with live music.

Despite its modern appeal, reminders of its past still exist. The House of Enver Hoxha, though not open to the public, serves as a historical landmark, and nearby, you’ll find art installations and graffiti reflecting Albania’s journey from dictatorship to democracy.

Whether you’re looking for a great meal, a fun night out, or just a stroll through one of Tirana’s most dynamic neighborhoods, Blloku is a must-visit destination that perfectly blends history and modernity.

Art lovers will be delighted by the city’s thriving creative scene. The colorful facades of buildings in the New Bazaar display the work of local artists, turning the streets into an open-air gallery. Visit the National Gallery of Arts to witness a collection spanning centuries, celebrating Albanian artistic achievements.

Remarkable religious diversity

Tirana is known for its remarkable religious diversity. This diversity is a result of Albania’s unique history, where various religious groups have coexisted for centuries. The city is a prime example of religious harmony and tolerance, making it a fascinating place to explore different faiths and cultures. I was most impressed by the mosque, built in the Ottoman style.

Pazari i Ri: A Blend of Tradition and Modernity

If you want to experience the authentic flavors and lively atmosphere of Tirana, Pazari i Ri (The New Bazaar) is the perfect place to visit. This vibrant market district, located just a short walk from Skanderbeg Square, is a blend of tradition and modernity, offering a true taste of local life. The market has existed since the 1930s, but in 2017, it underwent a major renovation, transforming it into a stylish, pedestrian-friendly space while preserving its historic charm. Today, the area is known for its colorful facades, charming cafés, and a variety of stalls selling fresh produce, local delicacies, and artisanal products.

At Pazari i Ri, you can find everything from seasonal fruits and vegetables to fresh seafood, meats, and dairy products—all sourced from local farmers. It’s also a fantastic spot to try traditional Albanian products, such as honey, olives, cheeses, and dried herbs. If you love food markets, this is the place to immerse yourself in the local culinary scene.

For those looking to take home a piece of Albania, Pazari i Ri is also a great place to find handmade souvenirs, ceramics, and traditional crafts. The friendly vendors are always happy to share stories about their products, making the experience even more personal.

pazari i ri

Escape the urban bustle

Escape the urban bustle and ascend Mount Dajti via the Dajti Ekspres cable car for a breathtaking panoramic view of the city and surrounding landscapes. The mountain offers a sanctuary for hikers and nature enthusiasts, with trails that lead through lush forests and meadows. Take a deep breath of crisp mountain air and feel rejuvenated by Tirana’s natural beauty. Honestly, I had no idea that Albania’s nature is so stunning!

The Dajti cable car costs 14€ per adult (May 2024). You can also buy a one-way trip and you’ll have to pay 4€ for it. The Dajti cable car takes 15 minutes to take you to the Dajti mountain balcony. There you will have stunning views & also several drinking and dining options. It is one of the best things to do in Tirana.

The Dajti cable car is open every day (except on Tuesdays) from 9:00 to 18:30.

It is located about 20-30 minutes drive from the city center of Tirana. If you want to go there, you can go with a rental car, city bus or a taxi. The city buses depart from the station behind the Skanderbeg Square. You’ll have to take the bus number 11 and the ticket price is 40 LEK (you pay in cash on the bus). If you don’t know where to go, just ask the locals and they will be very happy to help you (at least based on my experience).

Enjoy in the warmth and hospitality

Tirana’s charm isn’t just in its physical attractions; it’s in the hospitality of its people. Albanians are renowned for their warmth and welcoming nature, making your stay an unforgettable experience. Engage in conversations and learn about their rich traditions.

Albanian people are no strangers to the trials of history. Throughout centuries of conquests, occupations, and shifting borders, they have demonstrated an indomitable spirit. This spirit is embodied in the concept of “Besa,” an unwavering commitment to honor, trust, and protection. This ancient tradition has allowed Albanians to navigate through challenges with an unbreakable sense of unity.

From the moment you set foot on Albanian soil, you’ll be enveloped in a sense of genuine hospitality that’s deeply rooted in their culture. It’s not uncommon for strangers to be welcomed as honored guests. This is a reflection of the Albanian belief that a guest is a gift from God. Prepare to be overwhelmed by gestures of kindness, hearty laughter, and heartfelt conversations that effortlessly bridge cultural gaps.

Public transport in Tirana: Buses & furgons explained

Moving around Albania can be a little bit challenging. I will give you some information about public transport in the city of Tirana & around the country.

Public transport in Albania is an essential and widely used mode of transportation for both locals and visitors. It consists of various options, including buses, minibuses (known as furgons) and taxis. While Albania’s public transport system is continually improving, it is important to note that infrastructure and service levels can vary across different regions of the country. The reason I am telling you about intercity travel is that most of you will certainly be travelling from Tirana to somewhere else in the country.

Buses

Buses are the most common form of public transport in Albania. They operate in urban areas, connecting neighborhoods within cities, as well as intercity routes, linking different towns and regions. In major cities like Tirana, Durres, and Vlore, there are designated bus stations where buses depart and arrive at regular intervals. However, in smaller towns and rural areas, bus stops may be less formal, and buses can often be flagged down along the main roads. It is advisable to check the bus schedules in advance. They may not run as frequently during evenings or weekends. If you have any question related to your journey, don’t hesitate and ask the locals. They will know the best and they are willing to help.

Focusing on Tirana, the way to pay for the bus is to board the bus at the station and wait for the ticket inspector to come to you during the journey. You then pay him and get a ticket from the block. Tirana is very walkable city and I was exploring Tirana only by foot. But since this was my starting point, I also had to use the city bus to get to the regional bus station.

Furgons

Furgons are a unique mode of public transport in Albania, especially popular for intercity travel. These minibuses typically accommodate around 10-20 passengers and operate on specific routes, connecting towns and cities across the country. Furgons depart from designated locations, often near major bus stations, and they typically wait until they are full before departing. Furgons can be an efficient way to travel shorter distances between towns. But they may not adhere strictly to timetables, so it is advisable to check the departure times in advance.

tirana bus terminal

Taxis

Taxis are widely available in Albania, particularly in urban areas. They are convenient door-to-door transportation. You can hail them on the street or found them at designated taxi stands. Taxis in Albania do not always use meters. It is important to agree on the fare before starting the journey. It is advisable to use licensed taxis or reputable taxi companies to ensure safety and fair pricing.

Mostly, I’ve been exploring Tirana on foot. But since my flight back was early in the morning, I had to use taxi to get to the airport. When we came, we used the Tirana Airport taxi and the price to the city centre was 23 EUR. During our stay in Albania I did some research and found the Blue Taxi Tirana. It has pretty good reviews and the price was only 11 EUR to get to the airport.

Other places to visit in Albania:

The best area to stay in Tirana

Choosing the best area to stay in Tirana depends on your preferences, interests, and the kind of experience you’re seeking. Tirana offers a variety of neighborhoods, each with its own unique charm and offerings. Here are a few popular areas to consider for your stay:

  • Blloku (The Block): This trendy and lively neighborhood has transformed into a bustling hub of cafes, restaurants, boutiques. It also has the most vibrant nightlife. It’s a great choice if you enjoy being in the heart of the city’s modern and social scene. Blloku is also conveniently located near major attractions and landmarks.
  • Skanderbeg Square: Staying near Skanderbeg Square puts you in the heart of Tirana’s historical and cultural center. You’ll be within walking distance of iconic landmarks. This area offers a mix of historical significance and urban convenience.
  • Pazari i Ri (New Bazaar): If you’re a fan of authenticity and local experiences, consider staying near Pazari i Ri. This area is a treasure trove of traditional markets, local crafts, and authentic Albanian cuisine. The laid-back atmosphere will give you a chance to immerse yourself in local daily life.

Tirana, the beating heart of Albania, offers a tapestry of experiences that blends its storied history with its vibrant present. The city has something for every visitor. From its architectural wonders and cultural landmarks to its natural beauty and delicious cuisine. As Tirana continues to evolve and embrace its future, it remains deeply rooted in its traditions and heritage, creating a fascinating destination. So, pack your bags and immerse yourself in the colorful energy of Tirana.

What makes this city truly unforgettable, however, is its warm and welcoming atmosphere. The people of Tirana embrace visitors with open arms, eager to share their culture, food, and stories. It’s a destination that may not always be on every traveler’s radar, but once you visit, you’ll understand why it leaves such a lasting impression.

Have you ever been to Tirana? If not, is it on your travel bucket list? Let me know in the comments! And if you found this guide helpful, share it with a fellow traveler who needs some inspiration!

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3 Comments
  • Terri
    August 12, 2023

    Did you discover a local walking tour that you could recommend? I’d love to learn from a local about the Ottoman influence on the architecture of the Ethem Bey Mosque and other historic structures.

  • Ashley
    August 13, 2023

    Love all the colorful designs on the buildings. I bet this was a really interesting place to explore!

  • Pam
    August 13, 2023

    Tirana sounds incredible. I would love to go up Mount Dajti And see the views of the landscapes. You really put Albania on my list just with this post! Can’t want to read more!