Istanbul Public Transport – Everything You Need To Know

Istanbul is a huge city. First of all, you have to know everything about transport in Istanbul, as moving around is not always easy. Istanbul, the vibrant and bustling city that spans both Europe and Asia, can be an overwhelming place to navigate, especially when it comes to public transportation. There is currently a major project in the city to develop public transport. There are few additional metro lines under construction, they are expanding the existing ones and they are working on a connections between Europe and Asia.

With its extensive network of buses, trams, metros, and ferries, getting around Istanbul can seem like a daunting task. However, with a little knowledge and guidance, navigating Istanbul’s public transport system can be a breeze. This comprehensive guide provides all the information you need to confidently travel through Istanbul, including tips on fares, routes, and the best modes of transportation to get to your desired destination. So, whether you’re a tourist exploring the city or a local trying to find the most efficient way to commute, read on to discover the ins and outs of Istanbul’s public transport system.

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How to get to the city?

It all starts with a transfer from the airport to the city centre. The airport is located in the northern area of Arnavutköy and it should take around 50 minutes to reach Taksim in the city centre. To get from the airport to the city, there are a few different options.

HAVAIST Bus

There are 11 different routes from the airport to multiple destinations.  For a ride you will need a ticket that can be bought in the ticket office (located exactly where the bus stop/shuttle is), your Istanbulkart or credit card for payment. You can access the bus floor by going down with elevators located by the arrival gate. The ride will cost you around 130 and 210 TL (with baggage included) and the trip duration is around 80 – 100 minutes (prices from March 2024). You should check the price before your trip, because prices in Türkiye are changing a lot.

Taxi

Taxis are comfortable and safe option to get from Istanbul New Airport. The journey will likely be affected by traffic, so the ride might be much longer in peak hours, however for now expect around 45 – 60 minutes to reach the city centre. Taxis are available 24/7 from the airport. Taxis are metered, which means that you might find yourself paying more if there is traffic (and you should be prepared that there is a lot of traffic – unless you arrive around or after midnight).

Private transfer

Another comfortable option is private transfer. If you feel more relaxed knowing that somebody is waiting for you, you may as well book a private transfer. For private transfers, you will be met outside the airport (when you book your transfer, you will be told which exit number you will be met at, as they are no longer allowed to wait inside the airport).
The price is 40-50€ per vehicle and it is fixed.

Metro M11

The most convenient, fastest and also the cheapest option is certainly a metro connection. In January 2023, the new M11 metro line was opened, running from Istanbul Airport to Kağıthane station. In 2024, Gayrettepe station was opened, where now is possible to change to the M2 line. The metro runs every 20 minutes between 06:00 and 00:00. The ride from the airport will take about 30 minutes.

🛫 For more information on how to get from Istanbul Airport to the city centre, read my article where I describe the different travel options in more detail.

Public transport in Istanbul

Istanbul’s public transport system is an extensive network that connects all parts of the city, making it convenient and efficient for residents and tourists alike. he system consists of various modes of transportation, including buses, trams, metros, and ferries. Each mode has its own routes and schedules, but they are interconnected, allowing passengers to easily transfer between them.

I recommend that you use public transport in Istanbul – it will allow you to move around quickly and cheap. Istanbul is really congested and the traffic can get sooo crazy! You will save a lot of time by using the metro, tram and ferries to commute. During rush hours, it is a good idea to avoid buses and taxis, as the short journey can be quite long.

A short overview of Istanbul’s public transport system

Buses are the most common and widely used mode of transport in Istanbul. They operate throughout the city, covering both the central areas and the suburbs. Trams, on the other hand, are a great option for traveling within the city center, as they provide a fast and convenient way to get around.

To access more distant areas, the metro is your best bet. Istanbul’s metro system is constantly expanding, and it is a reliable means of transportation, especially during peak hours. Lastly, ferries are a unique way to travel across the Bosphorus Strait, connecting the European and Asian sides of Istanbul.

Istanbulkart – your bestie

Firstly, you will need an Istanbulkart, which you can use for all public transport around Istanbul. You can buy it on all yellow and blue machines that are located in metro & tram stations and piers. A few years ago, when I was first in Istanbul, you could buy Istanbulkart in small kiosks, but now I’m not sure how it works anymore.

The cost of the card is 70TL and you load the credit on the card. When you run out of credit, you just top it up again. One card can be used by up to 5 people, but I would recommend that 2 or maximum 3 people use it together. The card has a monthly top-up limit of 500 TL, so you won’t be able to top it up till the next month if you exceed this limit. The Istanbulkart is valid for 3 years if it is not recharged in the meantime.

For most rides you will pay 17,70 TL.

You can also use the Istanbulkart to pay the toilets (3TL) and it is very convenient when you don’t have any coins with you.

How to buy Istanbulkart for the first time?

If you don’t have a card yet, you will need to buy a new one. Here are my steps for buying a card, which I hope will help you.

• On the first screen, select the language you are most familiar with.
• Choose the third option to buy a card that you can later top up. The price of the card is TL 70. Confirm step.
• Choose the first option if you want to pay in cash, or the second if you want to use a card.
• Insert the money and confirm again. Your card is ready, so just take it out of the bottom drawer and you’re ready to conquer the city.

As I said, you can use all public transport in Istanbul with Istanbulkart. So, let’s find out more about transportation options. We will take a closer look at each mode of public transport in Istanbul and provide you with more information on routes, schedules, and fares. This will help you better understand and utilize the city’s extensive public transport network.

Metro

Navigating Istanbul’s metro network is one of the most efficient ways to get around the city. The metro system in Istanbul is well-developed, extensive, and connects various parts of the city, making it convenient for both locals and tourists.

The metro network consists of several lines, each marked with a different color. Each line serves different areas and landmarks of Istanbul, so it’s essential to know which line to take depending on your destination. You can easily find maps of the metro network at the stations or online to help plan your journey.

The metro in Istanbul operates between 6am and midnight, with frequency varying depending on the time of day and whether it is a weekday or a weekend. The metro operates between 5 and 10 minutes, during peak hours the intervals could be reduced to 3 to 4 minutes. On weekends, certain metro lines run all night.

Here is a brief overview of the metro lines:

• M1A: Yenikapı – Atatürk Havalimani: This metro leaves the old airport, passes the Zeytinburnu interchange station and the grand bus station of Istanbul, and has Yenikapı, a connection hub closer to the city center, as its final destination. 
• M1B: Kirazlı – Yenikapı
• M2: Yenikapı – Hacıosman: This is the first real metro Istanbul had and you will probably use it during your visit. The most important stops are: Yenikapı, Vezneciler (interchange station to the T1 tram line with a short walk to the tram station), Şişhane (Istiklal Caddesi, Galata Tower), Taksim (connection to Kabataş via funicular F1 and Eminönü/Sultanahmet via tramway T1), Osmanbey (a short walk to Nişantaşı, a fashionable shopping area with lots of nice cafes and restaurants), Şişli/Mecidiyeköy & Gayrettepe (interchange station for M11 line to the IST airport)
• M3: Bakırköy – Kayaşehir Merkez
• M4: Kadıköy – Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı: this one may be useful if your flight is arriving to Sabiha Gökcen airport (SAW)
• M5: Üsküdar – Samandıra Merkez
• M6: Levent – Boğaziçi Üni. – Hisarüstü
• M7: Yıldız – Mahmutbey
• M8: Bostancı – Parseller
• M9: Bahariye – Olimpiyat
• M11: Kağıthane – Istanbul Havalimani

Buses

Firstly, let’s explore the bus system. Istanbul has a vast network of buses that cover both the central areas and the suburbs. With numerous routes operating at regular intervals, buses are a convenient and affordable way to get around the city. While the metro covers most areas, the expansive bus network allows you to reach even the more remote or residential neighborhoods. The only place that is not accessible by bus is the Sultanahmet Square.

Similar to the metro, buses run regularly, often arriving every 10-15 minutes during peak hours. The majority work until midnight. Buses are very easy to use in Istanbul. It says where they’re going and there’s a list of the stops inside the bus.

The only issue is that the buses get stuck in the traffic often and the bus ride can take you a lot of time (especially during weekends and rush hours).

Tram

Moving on to trams, I will highlight the specific tram lines that operate within the city center. These trams offer a quick and efficient way to travel between popular attractions and key areas in Istanbul. By understanding the tram system, you can save valuable time and effortlessly explore the city’s bustling streets.

Trams are an excellent option for exploring the historical areas of Istanbul, such as Sultanahmet is. The trams run frequently, and the stations are well-marked, making it easy to navigate and hop on and off at various attractions.

On the European side there are 4 lines in service:

• T1: Kabataş–Bağcılar: this line allows easy access to Sultanahmet Square. You can reach the main attractions of the city with T1 line. I recommend that you use it as is really cheap and fast and definitely easiest way to get to the old town. Stations you may find interesting are: Beyazıt-Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar), Sultanahmet (Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque), Gülhane (Topkapi Palace), Sirkeci (interchange station to Marmaray), Eminönü (Egyptian Spice Bazaar + change to ferry service), Karaköy, Tophane (Galataport), Kabataş (interchange station to F1 to Taksim, ferry service and short walk to the Dolmabahçe Palace).
• T2: Taksim – Tünel: historical tram that runs down the Istiklal Street to Taksim Square.
• T3: Kadıköy – Moda: this one is running in the Asian side
• T4: Mescid-i Selam – Topkapı 
• T5: Alibeyköy Cep Otogarı‎ – Eminönü: this line is interesting if you want to visit Balat, Fener or Eyüp (interchange station to TF2 to Piyer Loti)
• T6/U3: Sirkeci–Kazlıçeşme

Metrobus

These buses generally run around the outskirts of the city and they are not really important if you visit Istanbul like a tourist. This bus can get you from the European side to the Asian side. However, you won’t find the metro buses in the tourist zones.

Funicular

There are 4 funicular lines in Istanbul:

• F1: Taksim – Kabataş: It allows you to go from Taksim Square to Kabataş. From there you can take the tram T1 to get to the old town and the boat to the Asian side or Princes Island.
• F2: Karaköy – Beyoğlu / Tünel: This is actually the third oldest passenger underground railway system in the world. This funicular takes you in 90 seconds 573 meters uphill to Tünel, at the end of Istiklal Caddesi. From there you can easily reach Galata by walking downhill or have a stroll on Istiklal Street.

• F3: Seyrantepe – Vadistanbul
• F4: Boğaziçi Üni. – Hisarüstü – Aşiyan

Marmaray

Marmaray is a railway tunnel project in Istanbul. It consists of an underwater railway tunnel under the Bosphorus Strait and the modernisation of the existing suburban railway lines along the Marmara Sea from Halkali on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. The name Marmaray is a combination of the name of the Sea of Marmara, which lies to the south of the project site, and the word ray, the Turkish word for railway.

There are three underground stations, Yenikapı, Sirkeci and Üsküdar. The following stations on the Marmaray line are of particular interest to tourists:

• Florya Aquarium:
• Yenikapı: Yenikapı is the interchange station for M1 and M2 metro line
• Sirkeci: Eminönü area and ferry docks
• Üsküdar
• Ayrılık Çeşmesi: M4 metro line interchange

Marmaray begins running at 06:00 am. Trains run every 5 to 10 minutes during most of the day, every 15 to 20 minutes late at night. (On Sunday and holidays, trains run every 10 minutes all day.) The last trains run at 00:00 (12:00 midnight).

In 2024, Marmaray fares are as follows:

Distance	Fare
1 – 7 stations	17,70 TL
8 – 14 stations	22,26 TL
15 – 21 stations	26,27 TL
22 – 28 stations	30,30 TL
29 – 35 stations	35,39 TL
36 – 43 stations	39,18 TL

Ferry

Lastly, we will delve into the unique experience of traveling by ferry in Istanbul. These iconic boats are not only a practical means of transport but also offer breathtaking views of the Bosphorus Strait and connect the European and Asian sides of the city. These mode of transportation provides a scenic and unique way to get around Istanbul while avoiding the city’s notorious traffic.

I will give you information about the different ferry routes, schedules, and fares, ensuring you can embark on a memorable journey across the shimmering waters.

The main piers on the European side are Eminönü, Beşiktaş, Kabataş, Karaköy and Kadiköy and Üsküdar on the Asian side.

Ferries, operated by Istanbul Sehir Hatlari (Istanbul City Lines), Turyol and Dentur Avrasya, connect various parts of the city and are particularly useful for crossing the Bosphorus Strait. Whether you want to visit the Asian side of Istanbul or explore the Princes’ Islands, ferries offer a convenient and enjoyable means of transportation. The frequency of the ferries depends on the destination, but they generally run every 15-30 minutes.

You can use the ferry service in the same way as other types of public transport – by using your Istanbulkart at the gate. It is also a great replacement for a Bosphorus cruise – you will get the same views for a lot less money.

As mentioned above, with public transport you can also reach the Princes Islands – just keep in mind that you can’t pay the ride with Istanbulkart.

Taxi & rideshare / dolmuş

While public transportation in Istanbul is efficient and reliable, there may be times when you prefer to use taxis or rideshares for convenience or to reach certain destinations not covered by the public transport network. Here are some tips for using taxis and rideshares in Istanbul:

• Choose reputable companies: Stick to well-known taxi companies such as Istanbul Taxi or BiTaksi. They have reliable drivers and use meters to calculate fares, ensuring transparency and fair pricing.
• Use a rideshare app: Uber and other popular rideshare apps operate in Istanbul and provide a convenient way to book a ride. They often offer competitive pricing and the ability to track your driver’s location.
• Check for shared taxis: Istanbul has a unique system called “dolmuş” which are shared taxis that follow specific routes. They are cheaper than regular taxis and can be a good option if you’re traveling within a particular neighborhood or district.
• Know the fare structure: Familiarize yourself with the fare structure to avoid being overcharged. Taxis in Istanbul charge a base fare plus a per-kilometer fee. Make sure the meter is running and request a printed receipt at the end of your ride.
• Have small change: It’s a good idea to carry small denominations of Turkish Lira to pay for your taxi or rideshare fare. Drivers may not always carry sufficient change for larger bills.

By following these tips, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free experience when using taxis and rideshares in Istanbul, complementing your exploration of the city’s public transport network.

Planning your Istanbul journey

Before setting off, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with the public transport schedules. Different modes of transport may have varying frequencies, especially during off-peak hours or weekends. By checking the schedules in advance, you can schedule your journeys accordingly and avoid unnecessary waiting times.

Additionally, consider using online journey planners or mobile applications that provide real-time updates on routes, schedules, and unexpected delays. These tools can be particularly helpful when navigating unfamiliar areas or during times of high traffic. I consider Google maps to be my best assistant and use it regularly on every trip to Istanbul.

Another aspect to consider when planning your journey is to identify any interchange points or transfers between different modes of transport. Istanbul’s public transport network is well-connected, but it’s essential to know when and where to switch from one mode to another. This will ensure a seamless transition and prevent any potential confusion or delays.

Lastly, it’s always advisable to have a backup plan. Familiarize yourself with alternative routes or modes of transport in case of any disruptions, such as road closures, construction, or unexpected service suspensions. By being prepared, you can easily adjust your journey and continue exploring the beautiful city of Istanbul.

Is Istanbul public transport safe?

Yes, public transport in Istanbul is very safe. Metro, tram, and funicular lines in the city center are well maintained and constantly supervised by security personnel. The only thing you should watch out for is pickpockets, just like everywhere in the world.

It’s also worth mentioning that the metro is known for its cleanliness and safety, which are vital factors to consider when using public transport. As a traveler in a foreign city, knowing that you’re in a secure environment can greatly enhance your experience.

Safety precautions

When navigating Istanbul’s comprehensive public transport network, it’s essential to prioritize your safety and be mindful of proper etiquette. Here are some important safety precautions and etiquette tips to keep in mind:

• Be aware of your surroundings: Stay vigilant and mindful of your belongings at all times, especially in crowded areas like metro stations and buses. Keep your valuables secure and be cautious of pickpockets.
• Hold on to handrails: Public transportation can get crowded, especially during rush hours. To maintain balance and prevent accidents, always hold on to handrails when standing in buses, trams, or metro trains.
• Give up your seat: Istanbul’s public transport often gets crowded, and it is customary to give up your seat to elderly, disabled, or pregnant passengers. Practice common courtesy and be respectful of those who may have a greater need for a seat.
• Queue properly: When waiting for buses or boarding a tram or metro, form proper queues. Avoid pushing or cutting in line, which can cause confusion and delays.
• Avoid rush hours if possible: Istanbul experiences heavy traffic during morning and evening rush hours, which can make public transport more crowded and hectic. If you have flexibility, try to plan your journey outside these peak times to ensure a more comfortable and hassle-free experience.

By following these safety precautions and practicing proper etiquette, you can navigate Istanbul’s public transport system confidently and smoothly. Remember, prioritizing your safety and respecting others’ needs contribute to a positive commuting experience for everyone.

Useful phrases & vocabulary for navigating Istanbul

To enhance your experience navigating Istanbul’s public transport network, it is beneficial to familiarize yourself with some essential phrases and vocabulary. While English is spoken in many tourist areas, knowing a few basic Turkish phrases can go a long way in communicating with locals and making your journey more seamless. Here are some must-know phrases:

• Merhaba (Mehr-HAH-bah) – Hello
• Teşekkür ederim (teh-shehk-KOOR ed-AIR-im) – Thank you
• Lütfen (LOOT-fen) – Please
• Hangi yön? (hahn-gee yon) – Which direction?
• Bilet almak istiyorum (bee-LET ahl-MAHK is-TEE-YO-room) – I want to buy a ticket.
• Metro istasyonu nerede? (MEHT-roh is-TAH-syo-NOO neh-REH-deh) – Where is the metro station?
• Otobüs durağı nerede? (oh-TOH-boos doo-RAH-uh neh-REH-deh) – Where is the bus stop?
• Kaç para? (KAHCH pah-RAH) – How much?
• Saat kaç? (SAAHT kahch) – What time is it?
• Ben <destination> gitmek istiyorum (ben <destination> GIT-mek is-TEE-yo-room) – I want to go to <destination>.

By familiarizing yourself with these essential phrases, you can confidently communicate your needs and navigate Istanbul’s public transport with ease. Remember, even attempting a few words in the local language shows respect and can lead to positive interactions with the locals.

Whether you’re asking for directions, purchasing a ticket, or simply trying to understand the time or cost, knowing these essential phrases will make your journey more seamless. So, before you embark on your Istanbul adventure, take some time to familiarize yourself with these phrases.

Is Istanbul public transport comfortable?

Yes, except buses. Metro, tram, funicular and train vehicles are relatively new and air conditioned. Turks tend to leave their seat for pregnant women and senior citizens. There are also designated areas for prams and people using a wheelchair. Istanbul is making efforts to improve accessibility to platforms and vehicles for handicapped people. Major stops are equipped with elevators. Avoid rush hour to skip very crowded vehicles.

In conclusion, public transport in Istanbul is safe, clean, comfortable and easy to use, so don’t hesitate to use it. Happy exploring!

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